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The historical events of “the prescription for the attack on ghosts” seen in the “Book of Changes”
Author: He Yixin (Dr. Philosophy, lecturer at the School of Philosophy in the Dalian School of Science and Technology)
Source: “Humanities and Culture”, Issue 4, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570th year of the fourth month of Jihai, Gengxu
� However, since we are not clear about the historical events of the hexagrams and lines in the “Zhouyi” and these explorations are only abstractly willing to recognize them, and cannot be precisely clear about their meaning. In fact, whether it is the “Gaozong’s Defeat Ghost Stage” in “Jijin” or the “Zhen Us Defeat Ghost Stage” in “Weijin”, they refer to the affairs of the Shang Dynasty and Emperor Yi, the Shang Dynasty, who defeated Ghost Stage in the middle of King Wen. In this case, the Zhou people used the “unsuccessful” method to promote the military actions of the merchants, and won the trust of the Shang king and the Jiaqing ratings. This is the main goal of improving the Shang and Zhou dynasties after the “Di Yi Mei” and the relationship between Shang and Zhou dynasties was improved in a step-by-step manner. As a result, the Zhou people obtained a period of stable development until later when King Wen was imprisoned.
The word “gui Fang” appears twice in the hexagram and line recitation of the “Zhouyi”. “Jiji” Nine Three: “Gaozong defeated the ghosts in three years, and gentlemen should not use it.” “Weiji” Nine Four: “It is auspicious, regretful, and the earthquake uses the ghosts in three years, and it is earned in the country.” Many commentaries on the commentaries of the dynasty have noticed these two historical facts and believe that the “Book of Changes” records this to explain the certain truth. Later generations also used this to discuss ancient history. Since modern times, scholars have paid more attention to the historical meanings of these two sentences. Jian Jian used “Gaozong’s Defeat Guifang” as an example to tell the historical stories included in the hexagrams and lines of the “Zhouyi” “. [1] This example is naturally because the historical facts here are more clear. [2] However, when the young man came to discuss the two lines, he failed to clearly understand the situation of these two lines, and could not understand the true meaning of these two sentences. After that, the scholars’ exploration of “Gaozong’s Ghost Prevention” basically followed the method of Gu’s name, and removed the content of the “Book of Changes” to examine the history of the two lines.
According to our research, the “Book of Changes” is generally a historical event. The hexagrams and lines in each hexagram have an internal structure of affairs, and it is not a confusing fortune that is difficult to deal with. This is decided, we cannot abstractly understand the “Gaozong’s Ghost Prevention” and “The opportunity to rest. During her nap, she made a dream. The shock of the ghost prevention” history, and should follow a step to explore the problems behind these two. We found that the two lines say the Shang King Emperor Yi in the early and mid-term period of King WenThe story of the ghost-killing side. During this military operation, the Zhou people also participated in it and developed a certain influence. Therefore, this incident also became a historical coordinate of the Shang and Zhou dynasties after Wen Ding killed Ji Xian and the Zhou people to confront Shang, and the relationship between Shang and Zhou dynasties became more stable.
1. Research and discussion of future generations
Regarding the two lines of “Gaozong’s Defeat Ghost Precept” and “Zhen used Defeat Ghost Precept” in the “Zhouyi”, the traditional annotation and commentary have paid attention to the historical problems behind it. For example, in the sentence “Gaozong attacks the ghosts”, Gan Bao said, “Gaozong is the king of the middle-aged Yin. The ghosts are the king of the south.” [3] Kong Guangda said, “Gaozong is the number of King Wu Ding of the Yin Dynasty. … Gaozong attacks the ghosts to make the middle-aged and upright.” [4] Yichuan said, “Gaozong must be the Emperor Gaozong of Shang.” [5] Those who believe that “Gaozong attacks the ghosts” tell the story of Wu Ding, the king of the Shang Dynasty, who is excited and upright. As for the “Zhen” method, since there is no clear description of specific historical figures, experts usually do not study them. But there are exceptions. Some people think that what the two lines say is the same thing, as Li Guangdi said: “The “Ji” and “Wei Ji” are both spoken by Emperor Gaozong, and the monarch of Emperor Gaozong’s The monarch of Emperor Gaozong is a person’s name. But who did it mean, and there were differences. As Gao Shiqi said in “Tianluo Zhiyu”: “The Zhen used the method of attacking ghosts in the Book of Changes, and Guo Chen said Zhen was named Bo.” [7] Gao Heng said: “Zhen is a name for a person, and it is Zhou Jun or Zhou ministers.” [8] It can be seen that later generations failed to establish a unified opinion on the history behind “Zheng used the method of attacking ghosts”.
Although the annotators in history have noticed the history behind the two lines, their interest is not below the history, but hopes to highlight the principles that the lines are about to convey through the clarity of history. Therefore, Kong Guangda said: “Gaozong attacked the ghosts and used the sensation of the Tao in the middle to make the same lines as this line, so he took a similar example.” [9] Yichuan said: “The affairs of the whole country are more stable and more violent.” [10] All are aimed at clarifying the broad principles from specific historical events. What’s more, Yang Wanli, who “used history to prove the Yi”, did not refer to the historical reality of the two lines in “The Legend of the Condor Heroes”, but only explained that “the world of justice is quiet and the world of justice is not suitable for the world of justice”, but also proved it with historical events of the Tang Dynasty and King Xuan of Zhou. [11] It can be seen that Yang’s “using history to prove the Scriptures” is to clarify the principles, rather than to examine the historical facts of the hexagram and the line.
In modern times, scholars have explored the value of these two recorded historical materials from the perspective of history. In the article “The Story of the Zhou Yi Hexagram and the Line of the Line”, Zhang Xiaodi discovered the historical stories recorded in the “Zhou Yi” hexagram and the Line of the Line of the “Zhou Yi” and then presumed the year and month of the works of the “Zhou Yi” hexagram and the Line of the “Zhou Yi”. [12] The Gunshi believed that “Gaozong’s attack on the ghosts” was a large-scale war in modern times. Therefore, the “Book of Changes” uses this as a symbol of victory. The “three years” appeared in the Yaosong because the author of the “Book of Changes” “often regards three as the most, and ten as the most.” The so-called “three years” are “the number of contracts, not the number of true ones”, but the confession war is difficult and the strength is durable. [13] The historical stories of the hexagram and line recitation have a sense of opening up in the study of Yixue. However, just his clarity about these two lines is still too rough – there is no clear explanation of the two lines, nor is it possible to explain “You should not use gentlemen” and “You have been rewarded in the country for three years”.
In the article “The Review of the Intense History of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties”, Xu Zhongshu made a detailed investigation of “God-Ending the Ghost Precept” and “Zhen-Use Ghost Precept”. He believed that “Gaozong’s attack on the ghost side” refers to the matter of Emperor Gaozong of Yin and Wu Ding’s attack on the ghost side. “The sing (referring to the precepts of Emperor Gaozong’s destruction of ghosts) was the most famous battle in the Yin Dynasty, so the “Yi” specifically wrote about the incident in the line “Yi”.” [14] As for “Zhen used the precepts of ghosts”, Xu believed that it refers to the precepts of the people of Zhou to attack ghosts. He said: “Although there is no point in this, who attacks ghosts, the following text says ‘there is a big country’, and the big country refers to the words of the Yin people. Since the hexagrams and lines in the “Yi” often recount the affairs of the Yin and Zhou. In the early Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou people called themselves “Small country Zhou” (see “Big”), and the Yin people called “Big country Yin” and “
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